This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All MEG data files are available from the OSF database ( ).įunding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31871131, the Major Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) 17JC1404104, and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities, Base B16018 to XT. Received: AugAccepted: SeptemPublished: October 5, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Li et al. PLoS Biol 18(10):Īcademic Editor: Hugo Merchant, UNAM, MEXICO The coherent and frequency-specific activations in the motor-to-sensory transformation network mediate the internal construction of perceptual representations and form the foundation of neural computations for mental operations.Ĭitation: Li Y, Luo H, Tian X (2020) Mental operations in rhythm: Motor-to-sensory transformation mediates imagined singing. The gamma band was broadly manifested in the observed network. The mu (9–12 Hz) and beta (17–20 Hz) bands were observed in the right-lateralized sensorimotor systems that were consistent with the singing context. Moreover, the theta-band (4–8 Hz) phase coherence was localized in the auditory cortices. These results suggest that neural responses can entrain the rhythm of mental activity. This neural phase tracking of imagined singing was observed in a frontal-parietal-temporal network: the proposed motor-to-sensory transformation pathway, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), insula (INS), premotor area, intra-parietal sulcus (IPS), temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus ), and superior temporal gyrus (STG) and sulcus (STS). We found that when participants imagined singing the same song in similar durations across trials, the delta frequency band (1–3 Hz, similar to the rhythm of the songs) showed more consistent phase coherence across trials. Analogous with the neural entrainment to auditory stimuli, participants imagined singing lyrics of well-known songs rhythmically while their neural electromagnetic signals were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). What enables the mental activities of thinking verbally or humming in our mind? We hypothesized that the interaction between motor and sensory systems induces speech and melodic mental representations, and this motor-to-sensory transformation forms the neural basis that enables our verbal thinking and covert singing.
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